It's not quite as simple as you describe but close.
Ignoring for the moment all the geometry and clearance issues (you want to check stock outer diameter measurements for the stock rear wheel/tire setup and what you'll end up with when you go to a larger rim / smaller tire setup), the key issue is spoke angle.
The typical 19" rim will be drilled for a small front hub which has disc brakes. Rear hubs are usually much larger, housing drum brakes, holding sprockets etc.
So, the angles of the spokes are different, and the holes drilled in the rims for the spoke nipples are done at different angles.
Cognito might be able to sort you out quickly:
https://cognitomoto.com/collections/hubs-wheelgoods
Alternatively, you can use a front hub in the rear, with the necessary adapters to hold a sprocket and brake rotor. This will also mean adding a rear disc brake, which the 1978 K bike did not have. Perhaps the swingarm etc from a CB750F SuperSport might be a good starting point.
But a custom drilled rim / spokes will be cheaper likely than going through all that trouble and be a better investment IMHO in the long run.