I have a '78 GS550, had a lot of 2nd gear/clutch problems to begin with.
Was hard to get into neutral from 2nd and would pop out of gear into 2nd from 3rd or into neutral from 2nd.
My friend rides old bikes form the 50s, 60s and 70s, he suggested I take out 3 of the 6 clutch springs as they looked like heavy duty aftermarket ones, making the clutch almost impossible to use. I cleaned the friction plates, removed the springs and, also under his advice, changed the engine oil to diesel oil, same SAE, I frowned too.
I also checked the push rod by rolling it on a piece of glass, and the plates for flatness using the glass too. The pushrod had a bit of corrosion on it and was polished up. I de-greased the pushrod cam with engine flush, then obviously re-greased. Plates and rod were straight and flat.
Once all back together, no more problems!
Changes lovely, no false neutrals or slipping gears and I haven't noticed any slipping from the clutch with just 3 springs, and it is easy to pull too.
Maybe worth an afternoon trying these things before hauling the engine out?
Starter could have worn out brushes?
Shame you don't live near me, I have a whole GS for spares, incl engine and wiring.