I would not worry about that chip in the cylinder as long as there are no cracks radiating from it. Smooth it out with some abrasive so cracks don't start in the future.
If your cam timing disk is smashed into your cam tunnel, maybe drill a hole in it and get a long screw into it you can maybe pull it out with. Don't worry about replacing it as they were useless anyway, that bit of advice is from a former Norton factory technician.
The N15/G15 was a street scrambler. It was a heavy bike. The corporation that bought up Norton closed the original factory down at the end of 1962, layed off all the workers and moved Norton production to the Matchless motorcycle factory. The USA was hungry for motorcycles and it was a cheap way for AMC to increase production. The capacity to make Matchless chassis was there already, the Matchless twin engine was not as good and more expensive to make than the Norton engine so they axed it and threw bikes together with Norton engines and wheel hubs in Matchless cycle parts. they built them from about 1964 through the end of the 60s.
My old man was a Matchless dealer and of course likes Matchless bikes with Matchless engines in them, just as Norton enthusiasts from the 50s would rather have a Norton with a Norton chassis. So it was sort of a bastard child in the eyes of old timers. But it was a 60s bike and lots of people bought them and have fond memories of them. They are not road racers and too heavy for anything but sedate off-road use, but there is one old guy that has his put together as a touring bike and has done thousands of miles on it reliably, of course he has it expertly sorted.
Your best friend is going to be going slow with the project, because you have a lot to learn.
Your crankcases have a hole in them because the oiling system on Norton bikes from this era was marginal, but the people in the 60s beat the hell out of them. In 1966 Nortons had bigger oil passageways and oil pump drive gears that doubled the speed of the pump, all improvements which you can retrofit if you take your time and learn how to implement them.
You can say your bike is a Norton Atlas, it is just the scrambler version. Norton did advertise it as the "Atlas Scrambler" for a while.
Nothing wrong with the Lucas mags or Amal carbs, those who can't get them to work simply don't know how. The mag on my Norton 650 I ride is over 50 years old, has never been rewound, never been re-magnetized, and does not have new points or capacitor. I just cleaned it and made sure the brushes were in good shape, it starts the bike in one kick and never misses a beat. I also have 50+ year old Amals on my bike that get me around just fine, you just have to make sure they are completely clean.
You are in for a long steep learning curve, good luck. Check here and maybe you will find some useful info:
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Norton-Manxman-SportSpecial-and-racing-motorcycles/187441501303123